ReviewCureus2026
Cardiovascular Implications of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Literature Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with a two- to four-fold higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with individuals without diabetes due to complex interactions between metabolic, inflammatory, and vascular pathways. Despite extensive research, uncertainties remain regarding the integrated effects of emerging therapies and persistent cardiovascular risk in diabetic populations. This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular implications of diabetes mellitus by synthesizing evidence on epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes. A structured search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and 2025, using predefined Boolean search terms, including MeSH terms in PubMed, to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting cardiovascular outcomes; no review protocol was registered prospectively. Eleven studies were included in the final review after searches were conducted for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively because clinical and methodological heterogeneity, including differences in populations, interventions, outcomes, study designs, and follow-up durations, precluded formal meta-analysis, and I² assessment. The findings indicate that diabetes significantly increases the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure, and mortality, driven by hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Pharmacological therapies such as SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular and renal outcomes, while lifestyle interventions contributed to risk reduction. Persistent residual risk highlights incomplete therapeutic control. These findings emphasize the need for integrated and individualized management strategies. This review reinforces the importance of combining pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to effectively reduce cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.