ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Epidemiological patterns, risk factors, and prevention gaps of surgical site infections in operating rooms: a hospital-based surveillance study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major cause of postoperative morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. Objective: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, microbiological profile, preventive measures, and outcomes of SSIs to inform targeted perioperative strategies. Methods: A hospital-based surveillance cohort study included 4,632 patients undergoing 4,860 surgical procedures between January 2022 and December 2024. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: A total of 382 patients developed SSIs (8.25%), corresponding to an incidence density of 12.4 per 1,000 patient-days. Independent predictors included hypoalbuminemia (OR 2.91), contaminated wounds (OR 2.83), emergency surgery (OR 2.66), operative duration >120 min (OR 2.41), and >20 operating room door openings (OR 1.77). Additional risk was associated with diabetes, anemia, ASA ≥ III status, and perioperative transfusion. Adherence to timely antibiotic prophylaxis and chlorhexidine skin preparation significantly reduced the risk of SSI (OR 0.39-0.51). Conclusion: SSIs impose substantial clinical and economic burdens. Optimized perioperative care, strict adherence to prophylactic protocols, and improved environmental control measures are critical to reducing infection rates and improving surgical outcomes.
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