Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42358950›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Cytotoxic lymphocyte heterogeneity in glioblastoma: insights from single-cell and spatial multiomics toward precision immunotherapeutic reprogramming.

Wentao Dong, Yang Li, Zhuolin Wu, Quanlin Fu, Jinshuang Zhao, Bangyue Wang, Jia Yao, Chenglu Lu, Minfeng Tong

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wentao Dong *Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
Yang Li *Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Zhuolin Wu *Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Quanlin Fu *Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Jinshuang ZhaoDepartment of Oncology, Tianjin Huanghe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Bangyue WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Jia YaoDepartment of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Chenglu LuDepartment of Pathology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China.
Minfeng TongDepartment of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that systematically disables cytotoxic lymphocyte function and renders conventional immunotherapy largely ineffective. While exhaustion of CD8

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaImmunotherapyT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicAnimalsHumansKiller Cells, NaturalLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMultiomicsSingle-Cell AnalysisT-Cell ExhaustionTumor Microenvironmentblood-brain barriercytotoxic lymphocytesglioblastomaimmunotherapyNK cell dysfunctionprogenitor exhausted T cellssingle-cell transcriptomicsspatial genomics

Identifiers

PMID42358950
PMCPMC13291131

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.