ArticlePublic health in practice (Oxford, England)2026
Under-5 mortality trends and leading causes of death in Greece, 2016-2020: A nationwide study.
Article in Public health in practice (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: To examine recent trends and cause-specific patterns of under-5 mortality in Greece and to identify demographic and regional variations using ICD-10-based national data. Study design: Nationwide population-based retrospective study. Methods: We conducted a nationwide analysis of all under-5 deaths recorded by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) from 2016 to 2020. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) were calculated per 1000 live births. Causes of death were analyzed using individual ICD-10 codes, and age-, sex-, and region-specific patterns were examined. Mortality trends were contextualized using data from the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), and Eurostat. Results: A total of 1877 under-5 deaths were recorded, 58.3% of which occurred during the neonatal period. Mortality declined steadily, with U5MR decreasing by 22.9%, from 4.97 to 3.82 per 1000 live births. Deaths were predominantly attributed to perinatal (P00-P96) and congenital anomalies (Q00-Q99) ICD-10 categories (>70%). Mortality was higher among males (56%) and concentrated in regions hosting major tertiary hospitals. In 2020, Greece's U5MR ranked in the mid-range among EU countries. Conclusions: Despite declining under-5 mortality, preventable neonatal causes remain prominent in Greece. Strengthening perinatal and neonatal care and targeted prevention strategies are essential to further improve outcomes and align with leading European countries.
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