ArticleOphthalmology science2026
Nationwide Multicenter Survey of Severe Complications of Strabismus Surgery in Japan: Japanese Strabismus Surgery Study.
Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The increasing incidence of esotropia, potentially associated with excessive smartphone use, highlights the importance of ensuring the safety of strabismus surgery. This nationwide questionnaire survey, conducted as the Japanese Strabismus Surgery (JASS) study, aimed to estimate the incidence of severe complications associated with strabismus surgery and to characterize perioperative management practices in Japan. Design: Nationwide, multicenter, questionnaire-based survey study. Participants: All strabismus specialists affiliated with the Japanese Association for Strabismus and Amblyopia. Methods: We conducted the survey between July and August 2025. We developed a structured questionnaire using Research Electronic Data Capture. Main Outcome Measures: Number of severe complications, including infectious endophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis, anterior segment ischemia (grade 3 or higher), and scleral perforation with retinal detachment, as well as perioperative management protocols. Results: Of 210 specialists, 99 completed the questionnaire (response rate, 47.1%). After excluding 2 nonsurgical respondents, we analyzed data from 97 active surgeons (mean experience, 28.7 ± 12.2 years) covering 108 623 strabismus surgeries. Incidence rates (per 100 000 surgeries) of severe complications were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-5.13) for infectious endophthalmitis, 1.84 (95% CI, 0.22-6.65) for orbital cellulitis, 8.29 (95% CI, 3.79-15.73) for anterior segment ischemia, and 3.68 (95% CI, 1.00-9.43) for scleral perforation with retinal detachment. For perioperative management, nearly all surgeons (91.8%) used povidone-iodine immediately before surgery, all (100%) prescribed postoperative antibiotics, and most (74.2%) used adhesive drapes. A large majority (87.6%) conducted the first postoperative follow-up examination on day 1. Conclusions: This JASS study demonstrates that severe complications associated with strabismus surgery are exceedingly rare in Japan. Stringent, standardized management protocols, particularly for infection control and early postoperative follow-up, may contribute to this high level of safety. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.