ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Reduction of fentanyl-induced cough by low-dose nalbuphine pretreatment during induction of general anesthesia in children: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) during induction of general anesthesia is a common phenomenon and may cause adverse events. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose nalbuphine pretreatment for the reduction of FIC in children. Methods: One hundred patients aged 2-12 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly allocated to the nalbuphine group (Group N) or the control group (Group C). Patients were assigned to receive either nalbuphine 0.02 mg/kg or an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline 2 min before fentanyl bolus (2 μg/kg, injected within 5 s). The primary outcome was the incidence of FIC during induction of general anesthesia. The secondary outcomes included the onset time and severity of cough. Vital signs and any adverse events were recorded during induction of general anesthesia. Results: The incidence of FIC was significantly lower in Group N than in Group C (9/50 [18%] vs. 27/50 [54%]; risk difference, -36% (95% CI, -53% to -19%); Conclusion: Low-dose nalbuphine 0.02 mg/kg significantly reduces the incidence of FIC during induction of general anesthesia in children.
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