SynthesisFrontiers in microbiology2026
Gut microbiota alterations in primary biliary cholangitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to its pathogenesis and progression. However, existing studies are limited by small sample sizes, methodological inconsistency, and the lack of quantitative synthesis, resulting in insufficient consolidated evidence. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with PBC. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to January 23, 2026. Outcomes included alpha-diversity indices, beta diversity, and taxonomic alterations. Meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: Of 1,326 records screened, 10 studies involving 1,057 participants (607 patients with PBC and 450 controls) were included, and all studies had Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores of at least 7. Compared with controls, patients with PBC had a significantly lower Shannon index (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI: -1.22 to -0.22, Conclusion: PBC is associated with gut microbiota alterations, characterized by reduced alpha diversity, altered community structure, and taxonomic remodeling. Longitudinal and functional studies are needed to clarify causality, mechanisms, and clinical applications.
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