Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42357717›Full record

ArticleVeterinary sciences2026

Acoustic Analysis of Vocalizations in Malinois Dogs: Context-Associated Variation in Fundamental Frequency, Harmonic-to-Noise Ratio, and Formants.

Baoan Li, Liuwei Xie, Mingqiang Song, He Zhai, Ning Sun, Xiuxiang Meng

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In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Baoan LiDepartment of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China.
Liuwei XieDepartment of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China.
Mingqiang SongDepartment of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China.
He ZhaiDepartment of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China.
Ning SunDepartment of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110048, China.
Xiuxiang MengSchool of Ecology & Environment, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.

Funding

Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China 2024JSZ12National Natural Science Foundation of China 32470531The FY 2024 Graduate Teaching Casebook Building Project YALK202407
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated context-associated variation in vocalizations in Malinois dogs through acoustic parameter analysis. Vocalizations from thirty adult Malinois dogs (15 males, 15 females) aged 2 to 3 years were recorded across 11 behaviourally defined contexts. Using Praat software, key acoustic parameters-fundamental frequency (F0), harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and formant frequencies-were extracted and analyzed. Results indicated that different vocalization types (barking, whimpering, growling, snarling, howling) exhibited distinct acoustic profiles. Whimpering and howling showed significantly higher F0 values than barking (

Indexed as

acoustic analysisaffective statesdog vocalizationsformantsfundamental frequencyharmonic-to-noise ratio

Identifiers

PMID42357717
PMCPMC13307902

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.