Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42357686›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Establishment of a Duplex Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype I, Genotype II, and Genotype I/II Recombinants.

Naoki Yoshida, Shiho Oka, Anh Duc Truong, Mizuki Watanabe, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Hien Thi Thu Nguyen, Le Thi Hai Vo, Tuong Dinh Nguyen, Tomoya Kitamura, Tatsuya Nishi and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Naoki YoshidaKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.
Shiho OkaSaitama Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 107-1 Bessho-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-0821, Saitama, Japan.
Anh Duc TruongDepartment of Veterinary Immunology and Epidemiology, Vietnam Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, 86, Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0002-2472-8165
Mizuki WatanabeKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.
Mitsutaka IkezawaKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0009-0003-8449-0229
Hien Thi Thu NguyenDepartment of Veterinary Immunology and Epidemiology, Vietnam Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, 86, Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Le Thi Hai VoFaculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Nghe An University, 51 Ly Tu Trong, Ha Huy Tap, Vinh 460000, Vietnam.
Tuong Dinh NguyenFaculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Nghe An University, 51 Ly Tu Trong, Ha Huy Tap, Vinh 460000, Vietnam.
Tomoya KitamuraKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0251-7543
Tatsuya NishiKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.
Takehiro KokuhoKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-8869-1402
Hoang Vu DangDepartment of Veterinary Immunology and Epidemiology, Vietnam Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, 86, Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Ha Thi Thanh TranDepartment of Veterinary Immunology and Epidemiology, Vietnam Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, 86, Truong Chinh, Kim Lien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Kentaro MasujinKodaira Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 6-20-1 Josui-honcho, Kodaira 187-0022, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries JPJ008837. 22682125
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal, febrile infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Recently, highly virulent recombinant ASFVs with chimeric genomes derived from p72 genotype I and II viruses have emerged in China, Vietnam, and Russia. These genotype I/II recombinants can evade immunity induced by genotype II-based vaccines, thereby complicating disease control efforts. To address this challenge, a novel duplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to simultaneously detect and differentiate genotypes I, II, and I/II recombinants in a single reaction. The assay exhibited high sensitivity and specificity, with a reliable detection limit of 10 copies/reaction for genotype I and II ASFV DNA. Validation using clinical samples collected in northern Vietnam in 2025 confirmed a robust performance in accurately distinguishing circulating genotype II viruses from recombinant genotype I/II viruses, including the detection of potential co-infection. Whole-genome sequencing of selected positive samples further corroborated these findings. Overall, this qPCR assay provides a precise and efficient tool for identifying currently circulating ASFV genotypes, thereby facilitating improved disease surveillance and supporting a comprehensive understanding of the evolving epidemiological landscape of ASF in regions with increasing viral genetic diversity.

Indexed as

African Swine FeverAfrican Swine Fever VirusGenotypeReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionRecombination, GeneticAnimalsDNA, ViralGenome, ViralSensitivity and SpecificitySwineVietnamDNA, ViralAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV)CP2475Lduplex quantitative PCRgenotype I/II recombinant ASFV

Identifiers

PMID42357686
PMCPMC13308273

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.