Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42357677›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Transmission Dynamics and Control of the 2025 Lumpy Skin Disease Epidemic in Sardinia (Italy): A Spatial and Epidemiological Analysis.

Federica Loi, Gaia Muroni, Guido Di Donato, Paolo Calistri, Daria Di Sabatino, Stefano Cappai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Federica LoiOsservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 09125 Cagliari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3045-3150
Gaia MuroniOsservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 09125 Cagliari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0802-5221
Guido Di DonatoNational and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8606-5291
Paolo CalistriNational Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6004-9373
Daria Di SabatinoNational Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0348-3709
Stefano CappaiOsservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 09125 Cagliari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1481-1747

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), a vector-borne viral disease of cattle, re-emerged in Italy in June 2025 after six years of absence in Europe, affecting the island of Sardinia, which had previously been disease-free. The insular setting, the predominance of extensive cattle farming systems, and the rapid implementation of control measures provided a unique opportunity to investigate epidemic dynamics and evaluate vaccination effectiveness under field conditions. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological pattern of the first epidemic season (June-October 2025), estimate key transmission parameters, and assess vaccination effectiveness at the farm level. Confirmed outbreaks consistent with local transmission and notified between 20 June and 26 October 2025 were analyzed to characterize epidemic transmission dynamics, while vaccination effectiveness was assessed over an extended follow-up period through 31 December 2025. The between-farm basic reproduction number (

Indexed as

EpidemicsLumpy Skin DiseaseAnimalsBasic Reproduction NumberCattleDisease OutbreaksItalyLumpy skin disease virusSpatio-Temporal AnalysisVaccinationVaccine EfficacyViral VaccinesViral Vaccinesbasic reproduction numbercluster analysiscontrol strategyepidemiologyinfectious diseaselumpy skin diseasevaccination efficacy

Identifiers

PMID42357677
PMCPMC13307606

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.