Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42357606›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV from Migratory Birds in Beidaihe Wetland, North China.

Yiyang Zhang, Xiaoli Bai, Chenhui Nie, Yufei Guo, Chao Shan, Yanxia Xiao, Xiaoqing Zhang, Shuaiyu Jiang, Yongmei Su, Cheng Chang and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Yiyang ZhangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Xiaoli BaiState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
Chenhui NieQinhuangdao Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinhuangdao 066001, China.
Yufei GuoHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Chao ShanQinhuangdao Customs Technology Center, Qinhuangdao 066099, China.
Yanxia XiaoQinhuangdao Customs Technology Center, Qinhuangdao 066099, China.
Xiaoqing ZhangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Shuaiyu JiangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.ORCID 0009-0005-3924-9422
Yongmei SuHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Cheng ChangKey Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory for Science and Technology Innovation of Special Animal and Plants, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural, Changchun 130112, China.
Yongsheng LiuHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Shunli YangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Yanbing LiState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
Jie TianThe Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China.
Boru ZhangQinhuangdao Forestry Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066001, China.
Bin LiangQinhuangdao Forestry Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066001, China.
Alexei D ZaberezhnyFederal State Budgetary Institution All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry (VNITIBP),17,bldg.1,Village of the Biokombinat, Losino-Petrovsky Urban District, Moscow Oblast 141142, Russia.
Yunkai QianQinhuangdao Customs Technology Center, Qinhuangdao 066099, China.
Jie ZhangHebei Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Xiaorui ZhangKey Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory for Science and Technology Innovation of Special Animal and Plants, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural, Changchun 130112, China.

Funding

2026 Hebei Provincial Project for the Introduction of Foreign Intelligence 360-0806-YBN-5V7KKey Research and Development Program of Hebei Province 213777109DScientific Research Project of the General Administration of Customs 2024HK119Scientific Research Project of the General Administration of Customs 2024HK264Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Funds for Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province 2025JK019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During 2022-2024, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 strain, designated A/Seagull/Hebei/qhd6/2024 (H5N1), was isolated from migratory birds in Beidaihe National Wetland Park, North China. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that its hemagglutinin (HA) gene belongs to the 2.3.4.4b clade, while the neuraminidase (NA) gene and internal genes clustered with strains originating from multiple continents, consistent with a transcontinental reassortment event. The virus also exhibited 90.1-98.1% nucleotide homology with human-derived H5N1 isolates. Molecular characterization identified key virulence-associated mutations, including the classic HPAIV HA cleavage site, HA-T160A (associated with enhanced human receptor-binding capacity), and NA-I117T (potentially linked to drug resistance). BALB/c mouse infection experiments confirmed systemic replication and high pathogenicity of strain qhd6, with a 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 0.95 log

Indexed as

BirdsInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsAnimal MigrationAnimalsChinaHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusHumansMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNeuraminidasePhylogenyVirulenceWetlandsHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusNeuraminidaseantigenicityBeidaihe Wetlandclade 2.3.4.4b H5N1highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV)migratory birdspathogenicity

Identifiers

PMID42357606
PMCPMC13307734

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.