ArticleViruses2026
Molecular Characterization of H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Vaccinated Layer Chickens.
Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Environmental circulation of multiple avian influenza subtypes and potential association with human infections in central China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The global emergence of the avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b since 2016 has caused substantial losses in wild bird and poultry populations, along with heightened risks of transmission to humans and other mammals. Vaccination of poultry has been a key strategy to curb the virus's spread and mitigate its socioeconomic impact. This report describes an outbreak of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in a flock of 15,000 brown layer chickens (170 days old), all of which had received a four-dose vaccination regimen with H5N1/H5N8 commercial vaccines at 17, 50, 100, and 125 days of age. Despite this vaccination history, H5N1 infection was confirmed approximately seven weeks post-vaccination. H5N1 infection was confirmed by RT-qPCR, virus isolation, and full genome sequencing covering all eight gene segments, followed by phylogenetic and molecular analyses. Clinical signs included reduced feed intake, decreased egg production, and a cumulative mortality rate of 35% over 52 days. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing with various H5 antigens revealed inconsistent antibody titers (geometric mean: 4.0 to 9.1 log2). Genetic analysis of the full-length HA and NA gene sequences further revealed strong similarity to contemporaneous H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains circulating in Egypt, with multiple mutations in the HA head domain, particularly near immunogenic epitopes and receptor binding sites. These findings highlight the limitations of current vaccination strategies under conditions of antigenic mismatch and complex immunization schedules, emphasizing the need for improved vaccine matching and continuous molecular surveillance. To improve outbreak management in poultry, enhanced vaccination protocols, stringent biosecurity measures, and rigorous monitoring practices are critical.
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Registered trials
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