From Phenolic Profile to Gut Function: Comparative Effects of Region-Specific Shilajit on Selected Culturable Intestinal Microbial Groups and β-Glucuronidase Activity-A Preliminary Study.

Elham Kamgar, Małgorzata Gumienna, Barbara Górna-Szweda, Miroslava Kačániová, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Joanna Zembrzuska

Abstract readComparative Study

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Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Authors and funding

6 authors.

Elham KamgarDepartment of General and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 61-131 Poznań, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3729-8499

Małgorzata GumiennaDepartment of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9893-6090

Barbara Górna-SzwedaDepartment of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.

Miroslava KačániováSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, VIZJA University, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland.

Przemysław Łukasz KowalczewskiFaculty of Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0153-4624

Joanna ZembrzuskaDepartment of General and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 61-131 Poznań, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3993-4818

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Shilajit is a complex natural phytomineral substance whose composition and biological activity may vary depending on geographical origin. This study compared three commercially available Shilajit samples from Russia (S1), Nepal (S2), and Iran (S3) in terms of phenolic acid profile, antimicrobial activity, and their effects on selected intestinal microorganisms and β-glucuronidase activity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The samples differed markedly in their phenolic composition, with S3 showing the highest total content of the quantified phenolic acids. All samples exhibited antimicrobial activity, although their intensity depended on the microorganism tested. The in vitro digestion model revealed clear sample-dependent effects: S2 showed the lowest net β-glucuronidase activity and the most beneficial modulation of

Indexed as

GlucuronidaseIntestinesPhenolsEscherichia coliHumansHydroxybenzoatesGlucuronidaseHydroxybenzoatesphenolic acidPhenolsintestinal fermentationmicrobial modulationphenolic acidssimulated gastrointestinal digestion

Identifiers

PMID42357568

DOI10.3390/molecules31122172

PMCPMC13304625

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