ArticlePolymers2026
Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of a 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PPA Composite.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
This study investigates the thermo-mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication (FFF)-printed polyphthalamide reinforced with 15 wt.% short carbon fibers (PPA CF15) for engineering applications under elevated temperature and cyclic loading conditions. The material was characterized by quasi-static tensile testing, fatigue testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and finite element analysis (FEA). Tensile tests performed from 20 to 180 °C revealed a strong temperature-dependent reduction in mechanical properties: the elastic modulus decreased from 2.437 to 0.401 GPa, while the ultimate tensile strength decreased from 64.537 to 9.190 MPa. In contrast, elongation at break generally increased with temperature, indicating a transition toward more ductile deformation governed by thermal softening of the polymer matrix. Fatigue tests showed reduced fatigue resistance at higher temperatures and stress levels; however, stable cyclic performance was achieved when the applied stress remained below approximately 60-70% of the ultimate tensile strength, with several specimens reaching 10
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