ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Edge-SHM Architecture for Operational Underground Tunnel Crack Monitoring Under Resource-Constrained Conditions.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
This study presents a low-cost edge-IoT-based structural health monitoring (SHM) architecture for crack monitoring in operational underground tunnels. The system integrates crack-displacement sensing, temperature measurement, ESP32-based edge processing, LoRa/MQTT communication, AES/ECDSA-based data protection, and cloud-based data management. The architecture was validated through a 30-day field campaign at two representative cracks in the Hai Van Tunnel, with measurements acquired at 60 s sampling intervals. The results show that edge-based wavelet-Kalman processing improved measurement stability and reduced high-frequency noise, while the implemented security mechanism introduced only minor latency relative to the monitoring cycle. The two monitored cracks exhibited small micrometer-scale fluctuations associated with temperature variation and showed no cumulative widening trend during the observation period. This study demonstrates the feasibility of campaign-based tunnel crack monitoring using a trustworthy edge-sensing architecture, while longer deployments with more sensing nodes are needed to fully evaluate scalability and operational durability.
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