ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Ultrasonographic Gallbladder Findings and Bile Culture Results in Dogs with Extrahepatic Biliary Disorders: A Retrospective Exploratory Case Series.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe role of bacterial infection in canine extrahepatic biliary disease remains inconsistently characterized. This retrospective case series evaluated associations between ultrasonographic gallbladder findings and bile culture results in dogs. MATERIALS AND
methodsSixty-seven dogs were screened between March 2024 and December 2025, of which 49 met inclusion criteria (clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic evidence of gallbladder disease) and underwent bile sampling by ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis (n = 45) or intraoperative collection (n = 4). Samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically; isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS were further tested for
resultsAmong the 49 included dogs, ultrasonography identified cholecystitis (75.5%), cholelithiasis (16.3%), and biliary mucocele (8.2%). Bile cultures were positive in 43/49 dogs (87.8%), yielding only aerobic bacteria.
conclusionsIn this selected referral population, bacterial isolates were frequently recovered from bile samples, particularly in dogs with cholecystitis. Prospective studies involving larger populations are warranted to confirm these results, define the bacterial prevalence and clinical significance of bacterial colonization or infection, and further refine evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies for dogs with extrahepatic biliary disease.
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