Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42355006›Full record

ArticleMicroorganisms2026

Monitoring Hygiene Protocols and Exploring Alternatives to Counteract Resistant Pathogens: A Case Study from Southern Italy on Healthcare-Associated Infection Control.

Enza Mallardo, Claudio Attilio Baliano, Valeria Pedata, Rosita Zinzi, Federica Mayella, Mauro Murano, Antonio Fascione, Giuseppina Forgione, Daniela Sateriale, Caterina Pagliarulo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Enza MallardoDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Claudio Attilio BalianoDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Valeria PedataDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Rosita ZinziDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Federica MayellaDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Mauro MuranoDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Antonio FascioneDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Clinical Pathology, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, Viale Sossietta Scialla, 81025 Marcianise, Caserta, Italy.
Giuseppina ForgioneDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis Snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-0377-1714
Daniela SaterialeDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis Snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7149-4085
Caterina PagliaruloDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. De Sanctis Snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3126-5055

Funding

Fondi Aziendali ASL Caserta 2025. FA ASL Caserta 2025Fondi Ricerca di Ateneo (FRA) 2025 FRA 2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major public health concern, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and antimicrobial resistance. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are recognized as key vehicles in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens, primarily via contaminated hands and medical devices. This study assessed the effectiveness of hand hygiene protocols among HCWs, their correlation with bloodstream infections, and the potential of natural antimicrobial agents as complementary preventive measures. Between January and June 2025, 128 hand samples were collected from HCWs in surgical, intensive care, and internal medicine units of hospitals managed by ASL Caserta (Marcianise, n = 65; Piedimonte Matese, n = 30; Sessa Aurunca, n = 18; Maddaloni, n = 15). Sampling was performed upon entry to clinical areas and after antiseptic handwashing, using Rodac TSA plates to quantify microbial load (CFU/cm

Indexed as

bloodstream infectionshand hygiene practiceshealthcare-associated infections (HAIs)multidrug-resistant pathogensnatural antimicrobial agentsnosocomial infection control

Identifiers

PMID42355006
PMCPMC13305197

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.