ReviewMicroorganisms2026
Infectious Risks Associated with Biologic Therapies in Autoimmune, Rheumatologic and Dermatologic Diseases: A Narrative Review.
Review in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biologic and targeted synthetic therapies have substantially improved the management of autoimmune diseases (ADs), achieving unprecedented disease control. However, by modulating key immune pathways, these agents increase susceptibility to a wide spectrum of infections. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on infectious risks associated with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) in AD, characterizing infection profiles across different drug classes, identifying patient- and treatment-related risk factors, and providing evidence-based recommendations for screening, prevention, and management. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through March 2026, across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, using predefined search terms combining biologic and targeted synthetic drug classes with infection-related outcomes. Evidence from major international registries (BSRBR-RA, DANBIO, RABBIT) and society guidelines (ACR, EULAR, IDSA) was prioritized. Among bDMARDs, TNF-α inhibitors (TNF-α i) and rituximab were associated with the highest rates of serious infections, whereas IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors demonstrated comparatively lower infectious risk profiles. Steroids, older age, and prior serious infections emerged as the most consistent patient-related risk modifiers. Unlike prior reviews focused on single diseases or drug classes, this work provides an integrated, cross-disciplinary risk stratification framework. bDMARDs and tsDMARDs remain among the most innovative treatments available for effective management of ADs, with favorable benefit-risk profiles when accompanied by systematic prevention strategies. Universal pre-treatment screening for tuberculosis and viral hepatitis, risk-stratified parasitic screening, evidence-based vaccination, and selective antimicrobial prophylaxis can mitigate infectious complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.