Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42354416›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Postannealing-Driven Optimization of Humidity Response in Densely and Loosely Grafted Polymer Films.

Katerina Lazarova, Silvia Bozhilova, Martina Docheva, Ketrin Pavlova, Gergana Alexieva, Darinka Christova, Tsvetanka Babeva

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katerina LazarovaInstitute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-5171-4316
Silvia BozhilovaInstitute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Martina DochevaInstitute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0009-0008-8909-0263
Ketrin PavlovaInstitute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0009-0002-0185-2478
Gergana AlexievaInstitute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-3089-9008
Darinka ChristovaInstitute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-2735-6926
Tsvetanka BabevaInstitute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0003-0961-7499

Funding

Bulgarian National Science Fund KP-06-COST/4
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thermal annealing improves the mechanical, structural, and electrical properties of polymer thin films, promoting processes like residual solvents and stress removal, as well as the crystallization and densification of the gel layer. The effects are strongly dependent on the annealing temperature, where optimal temperatures enhance film performance, while excessive thermal exposure may induce negative outcomes like amorphous structural transitions, increased roughness, and defect formation. In this work, thin films of two humidity-sensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based copolymers with grafted poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) chains were investigated. The polymers differ in grafting density and chain length, enabling the assessment of macromolecular architecture's effects. Spin-coated films with 150-200 nm thickness were annealed at three temperatures: 60 °C, 120 °C, and 180 °C. By using UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and the quartz crystal microbalance method, a comprehensive characterization of temperature- and humidity-induced changes in swelling, hysteresis, sensitivity, detection resolution, and water uptake is performed, elucidating the role of the macromolecular architecture on the post-deposition annealing modification of gel film properties and its humidity response. High-performance humidity sensing with a resolution of 0.8% RH is achieved through the optimization of the interplay between the macromolecular architecture and annealing temperature. In addition, the study highlights and explores the potential of these films for optical color-based moisture detection.

Indexed as

annealing temperaturecolorimetric sensinghumidity sensingoptical sensorspolymer brushespolymersPVA-g-PDMAthin gel films

Identifiers

PMID42354416
PMCPMC13297820

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.