ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026
Association of Park Size, Access and Neighbourhood Walkability with Physical Activity and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundWe examined whether higher access to parks and greenspace is independently associated with an increase in physical activity and lower rates of obesity when neighbourhood walkability is accounted for and whether neighbourhood walkability and park access have synergistic effects on these outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey between 2007 and 2014 for adults aged 20 to 74 in Ontario, Canada. Neighbourhood-level park access exposures included size of parks and number of parks within 800 m of residential areas, and neighbourhood walkability was based on a validated index. The main outcomes were physical activity during leisure time (LPA), both leisure and transportation physical activity (LTPA), and obesity. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted, stratified by age groups, accounting for sex, income, ethnicity, and season.
resultsAmong 41,945 respondents, park access was associated with higher LPA and LTPA, with effects modified by neighbourhood walkability (
conclusionsHigh neighbourhood walkability was the strongest predictor of physical activity and lower obesity risk, with park access providing additional benefits primarily in already walkable environments. These findings suggest that population health interventions targeting urban design need to consider the combined benefits of neighbourhood walkability and park access on health.
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