Application of Virtual Reality to Alter Sweetness Perception.

Serena Wellbelove, John Gieng, Valerie Carr, Kate McLeod, Xi Feng

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Serena WellbeloveDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.

John GiengDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1834-9708

Valerie CarrDepartment of Psychology, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2969-2181

Kate McLeodDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.

Xi FengDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7229-3752

Funding

San Jose State University Molly and Gene Rauen Endowed Research Assistance Scholarship in the Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Regular consumption of excess sugar is linked to nutrition-based diseases, including gut problems, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Increasing sweetness perception is a novel technique to decrease sugar consumption. This experiment compared the sweetness perception of sweetened and unsweetened almond milk in response to different virtual environments with music and visuals. Two music types, the classical song Goldberg Variations, BMV. 998-Variation 13 and a jazz song generated by AI were used. Additionally, fall and spring forest backgrounds were generated by the Blockade Labs 3D image generator. Each participant tasted sweetened and unsweetened almond milk in music-only, background-only, and combination music and background environments. Results revealed significant differences in sweetness ratings for music type (

Indexed as

sensory analysissugar-sweetened beveragessweet perceptionvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID42354118

DOI10.3390/foods15122150

PMCPMC13298508

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.