ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2026
The Burden of Early-Childhood Atopic Disease: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Allergic Rhinitis in an Informal Settlement in South Africa.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAllergic rhinitis (AR) is increasingly recognized in early childhood; however, its prevalence and environmental determinants within urban informal settlements remain under-researched. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis among children under five years old attending preschools in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 3265 children. Data were collected through self-reported surveys with caregivers, designed to assess demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and
resultsThe findings show a prevalence of 37.3% (n = 1214) for allergic rhinitis, 47.3% (n = 1544) for rhinitis, and 42.7% (n = 1394) for rhinoconjunctivitis. Exposure to open sewerage pipelines was associated with the highest risk (AOR: 4.85,
conclusionsThe elevated prevalence of allergic symptoms within this cohort is linked to localized macro-environmental hazards, suggesting that infrastructural challenges in informal urban settings may influence early respiratory health outcomes. Protecting pediatric respiratory health may necessitate multisectoral interventions, with a specific emphasis on ensuring safe sanitation and clean household energy, to complement traditional clinical management in these vulnerable communities.
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