ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Benzimidazolium Salts: Antioxidant Activity, Anti-MRSA/MSSA Effects, and Antibacterial Gene Expression Analysis.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe emergence of methicillin-resistant
methodsFive benzimidazolium salts bearing different substituents were synthesized and characterized by NMR and FTIR analyses. Their antibacterial activities against MRSA and MSSA were investigated using the resazurin-based minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and agar diffusion method. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated using crystal violet staining, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine bacterial morphological changes. Gene expression analysis was performed to assess the effects of the most active compound on virulence- and resistance-related genes. In addition, molecular docking studies were conducted against four target proteins (1MWT, 3ZG5, 1JIJ, and 2Y2M).
resultsAmong the synthesized compounds, compound 1c exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 0.25 µg/mL against MRSA and 0.5 µg/mL against MSSA. It also produced the largest inhibition zone diameter (31.0 ± 0.5 mm). SEM analysis revealed significant morphological alterations in treated bacterial cells, indicating disruption of cellular integrity. Gene expression studies demonstrated that compound 1c downregulated several virulence- and resistance-associated genes, including
conclusionsThe findings demonstrate that benzimidazolium derivatives, particularly compound 1c, possess potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against
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