ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Assessment of Maternal Genetic Diversity and Mitochondrial Population Structure of Endangered Indigenous Chicken Breeds in China.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the maternal genetic diversity and mitochondrial population structure of once endangered indigenous chicken breeds in China under current conservation conditions. The genetic characteristics of six endangered indigenous chicken breeds, namely the Bian chicken, Jinyang Silky chicken, Pudong chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, Zhongshan Shalan chicken, and Pengxian Yellow chicken, were analyzed based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region sequences. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein. The D-loop region was amplified by PCR, and genetic characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. A total of 368 individuals were amplified and sequenced, yielding complete D-loop sequences of 1231 and 1232 bp. Sequence alignment identified 42 polymorphic sites, with a hypervariable region primarily located between 167 and 446 bp. The overall haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and the average number of nucleotide differences were 0.876 ± 0.010, 0.00603 ± 0.00012, and 7.426, respectively, with significant inter-breed variation. Haplotype analysis identified 32 haplotypes belonging to haplogroups A, B, C, E, F, and G. The proportion of breed-specific and shared haplotypes varied among breeds, and several high-frequency haplotypes were widely distributed across populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the majority of genetic variation occurred within breeds (83.41%), whereas among-breed variation accounted for 16.59% (
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