ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
The Dual Roles of Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes in Regulating Traumatic Brain Injury.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health problem which causes long-term neurologic damage caused by both primary mechanical injury and secondary pathological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes, microvesicles (MVs) and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) serve as critical vehicles mediating intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS) following TBI. The biogenesis and the content of EVs, including proteins, lipids and RNAs, are greatly changed and involved in the evolution of inflammation or tissue repairing after TBI. In this overview, we recapitulate the cellular origin of EVs and the function of EVs in the neuroinflammatory process after TBI, highlighting the dual regulatory roles of EVs in the biological response to TBI, whereby certain EV populations amplify secondary injury cascades, while others promote endogenous repair and recovery processes. We next investigate the progress in EV engineering and targeted delivery systems and report the potential mechanisms, emphasize the prospects and potential of engineered EVs for therapy, and comment on challenges and perspectives for clinical application in TBI.
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