ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Neuronal Injury and Regeneration-Linked Gene Expression Dynamics in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces complex molecular and neuroendocrine alterations that extend beyond the site of injury. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a hierarchically organized neuroendocrine system composed of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, plays a central role in coordinating stress and metabolic homeostasis. Despite its critical importance, the temporal transcriptional mechanisms underlying HPA axis dysregulation following TBI remain poorly understood, particularly in relation to coordinated neuronal injury and regeneration processes. This study aimed to investigate the time-dependent transcriptional dynamics of genes associated with neuronal injury and regeneration within the HPA axis following experimental TBI. Moderate-to-severe TBI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Animals were allocated into sham, acute (24 h), and chronic (30 days) groups. Transcript profiles of 24 HPA axis- and neuroregeneration-related genes were analyzed in hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal tissues using quantitative real-time PCR, with normalization to a housekeeping gene and statistical evaluation of differential expression across time points. TBI induced distinct, tissue-specific, and time-dependent transcriptional alterations across the HPA axis. In the acute phase, stress-response genes showed divergent regulation between central and peripheral tissues, whereas the chronic phase was characterized by transcriptional reorganization involving neurotrophic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine pathways. Key regulators such as
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.