ArticleCancers2026
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes in Dogs with Malignant Intranasal Tumors Treated with Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesIntranasal tumors are common malignancies in dogs, characterized by locally aggressive behavior and clinical signs such as epistaxis, nasal discharge, and facial deformity. Radiotherapy (RT) is considered the treatment of choice due to anatomical limitations to surgical resection. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes, toxicity, and prognostic factors in dogs with primary malignant intranasal tumors treated with cobalt-60-based megavoltage radiotherapy.
methodsThis retrospective study included 40 dogs with histopathologically confirmed primary malignant intranasal tumors treated between September 2018 and February 2025 at a veterinary radiotherapy clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment protocols, response, toxicity, and survival outcomes. Tumors were staged using modified Adams criteria based on computed tomography. Definitive-intent protocols (
resultsAdenocarcinoma was the most common histologic subtype (42.5%), and 82.5% of dogs had stage III-IV disease. The objective response rate was 82.5% (CR: 17.5%; PR: 65.0%), with clinical benefit observed in 92.5% of cases. Acute toxicity was frequent but manageable, primarily affecting skin, oral mucosa, and eyes. Overall median progression-free interval (PFI) and survival time (MST) were 382 days and 430 days, respectively. Stage IV disease was significantly associated with shorter survival when compared to stage I-III (MST 345 vs. 1063 days, respectively;
conclusionsRadiotherapy provided high response rates and meaningful clinical benefit with acceptable toxicity in dogs with malignant intranasal tumors, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Further prospective studies with standardized protocols are warranted.
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