Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42352232›Full record

ReviewBiomolecules2026

Calcium at the Helm: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit.

Siyuan Ding, Jiayi Li, Ziyi Chen, Wen Bai, Keran Li

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Siyuan DingThe Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
Jiayi LiThe Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
Ziyi ChenThe Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.ORCID 0009-0006-4201-7208
Wen BaiThe Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
Keran LiThe Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82571232Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20240122
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinal neurovascular unit (RNVU) dysfunction underlies major blinding and neurodegenerative conditions including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated retinopathy. Within the RNVU, calcium ions coordinate neurotransmission, glial activation, vascular tone, and blood-retinal barrier maintenance, and calcium dysregulation is emerging as a unifying pathogenic hub across these conditions. Although upstream triggers differ, including mechanical stress in glaucoma, hyperglycemia in DR, oxidative damage in AMD, ischemic energy failure in RIR, and amyloid-β-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress in AD, all converge on disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, producing shared downstream consequences including excitotoxic injury of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), Müller cell reactive gliosis, and pericyte hypercontraction. Broad-spectrum calcium channel blockade has shown limited clinical success, underscoring the need for cell-type-specific and pathway-selective approaches. This review therefore catalogs key interventional nodes, including transient receptor potential (TRP) channel antagonists, T-type calcium channel inhibitors, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) suppressors, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitors, and discusses how precision targeting of these pathways may restore RNVU homeostasis and open a therapeutic window into central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disorders.

Indexed as

CalciumRetinaRetinal DiseasesAnimalsBlood-Retinal BarrierCalcium Channel BlockersDiabetic RetinopathyGlaucomaHumansRetinal Ganglion CellsCalciumCalcium Channel Blockersage-related macular degenerationcalcium signalingdiabetic retinopathyglaucomaneurovascular unitretinaTRP channels

Identifiers

PMID42352232
PMCPMC13296795

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.