ArticleBMC research notes2026
Admission BNP-dominant biomarker phenotypes and in-hospital heart failure or cardiogenic shock in STEMI: a retrospective research note.
Article in BMC research notes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess, in a single-center retrospective cohort, whether admission B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)-dominant biomarker phenotypes incorporating D-dimer are associated with in-hospital heart failure or cardiogenic shock (HF/CS) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
resultsAmong 509 unique STEMI admissions, 467 had analyzable admission timestamps. The biomarker-enriched cohort included 140 patients with BNP and D-dimer measured within 24 h; 64 (45.7%) developed HF/CS. In the complete-case adjusted cohort (n = 136; 62 events), an equal-weight burden score [z(ln BNP) + z(ln D-dimer)] was associated with HF/CS (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84-8.92). BNP alone showed a similarly strong association (adjusted OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.86-7.60) and a slightly higher apparent area under the curve (0.859 vs. 0.849), indicating that the signal was mainly BNP-driven. The high BNP/high D-dimer phenotype had the highest HF/CS rate (80.9%). These findings should be interpreted as exploratory association and risk-enrichment observations rather than validated prediction or a complete assessment of congestion status.
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