ArticleJournal of translational medicine2026
Integrative transcriptomic analysis identifies meningeal-hippocampal immune communication in Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits spatial heterogeneity, yet the mechanisms by which immune-active meninges communicate with vulnerable brain regions during disease progression remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate meninges-hippocampus crosstalk and map the communication patterns during AD pathology development.
methodsWe employed 5xFAD transgenic and PS19 tau-pathology mouse models and integrated bulk RNA sequencing, proteomics, and spatial transcriptomics across time-course analyses to distinguish AD pathology from normal aging processes. Transcription factor activity inference was coupled with ligand-receptor dynamics analysis to examine regulatory modules in homeostatic and disease-associated microglia.
resultsWe identified structure-specific disease genes, including a robust 19-gene hippocampal signature that was reproducible across an independent 5xFAD dataset and PS19 tau-pathology dataset. Spatial analysis defined a disease progression axis that transferred to the independent spatial dataset, where meningeal spots were enriched in advanced disease progression layers and disease modules showed consistent gradients. Ligand-receptor and microglial-state LRaxis analyses further supported candidate communication axes associated with pathology gradients and state-specific regulatory modules in both homeostatic and disease-associated microglia.
conclusionsOur spatial framework supports the meninges as a candidate modulatory interface associated with hippocampal pathology in AD mouse models. These mouse-derived, computationally inferred ligand-receptor and regulatory modules should be considered hypothesis-generating candidates that require validation in human AD tissues and functional perturbation studies before translational relevance can be inferred.
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