Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42350825›Full record

ReviewNature protocols2026

Photocatalytic low-temperature defluorination of PTFE.

Yi-Ming Chen, Shu-Hui Lei, Yu Liu, Hu Zhang, Jia-Le Fu, Zhi-Ao Tian, Yong-Ze Chen, Bo Yang, Bai-Chuan Ding, Yu-Fan Zou and 3 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yi-Ming Chen *Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Shu-Hui Lei *Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Yu LiuHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Hu ZhangHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Jia-Le FuHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Zhi-Ao TianHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Yong-Ze ChenHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2193-4478
Bo YangHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Bai-Chuan DingHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Yu-Fan ZouHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Hao ZhangHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Jian-Ping QuSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
Yan-Biao KangHefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. ybkang@ustc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-4627

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22271268
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is widely used owing to its exceptional chemical and thermal stability; however, these same properties render it highly persistent in the environment, contributing to long-term fluorinated waste. Conventional degradation methods, such as pyrolysis above 500 °C or treatment with alkali metals, are energy-intensive and operationally demanding, highlighting the need for mild and practical defluorination strategies for sustainable fluoropolymer recycling. Here we report a visible-light-driven photocatalytic protocol for PTFE defluorination under mild conditions. The method uses carbazole-based photocatalysts (CBZ6 and KQGZ), readily prepared in two to three steps from commercial precursors, and proceeds in standard glassware under purple light-emitting diode irradiation. Finely divided PTFE powder (~1-μm particle size, 20-mg scale) is treated with a photocatalyst, base and sacrificial reductant, with dispersion maintained by intermittent sonication. Critical parameters influencing reactivity include photocatalyst identity and loading, dispersion efficiency, base purity and physical form, light source configuration, temperature control and irradiation time. The reaction yields soluble fluoride salts and a defluorinated amorphous carbon, along with carbon-derived oxyanions. Fluoride ions are quantified by

Identifiers

PMID42350825

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.