Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42350391›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Multiparticle entanglement of nuclear spins in silicon.

Feng Xu, Yi Deng, Guangchong Hu, Kada Yang, Chunhui Li, Chao Wei, Shihang Zhang, Chunhui Zhang, Peng Du, Keji Shi and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Feng Xu *Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-5272-1114
Yi Deng *Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-1781-6938
Guangchong Hu *International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1929-7312
Kada YangSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Chunhui LiSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3394-2297
Chao WeiSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Shihang ZhangSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8584-3457
Chunhui ZhangSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Peng DuInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.
Keji ShiInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.
Mingchao DuanInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3316-2845
Tianluo PanInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9268-9567
Zhen TianInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4367-3666
Peihao HuangInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-6667
Guanyong WangInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-7656
Song LiuInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.
Dapeng YuInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2693-1248
Yu HeInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China. hey@iqasz.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8892-9425
Tao XinInternational Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, China. xintao@iqasz.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-1945

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 92165210, 62174076
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Silicon spin qubits offer high-fidelity control and semiconductor manufacturing compatibility. However, the systematic generation and characterization of multiparticle entanglement, a core resource for quantum information science, remain elusive in such systems. Here, we demonstrate the complete preparation of all nine canonical families of four-qubit entanglement between donor spins in silicon, by designing hardware-efficient quantum circuits that use native multi-qubit operations. We employ advanced overlapping tomography and multifaceted verification to fully characterize these states. Our results confirm genuine multiparticle entanglement, resolve their entanglement structure, and assess their robustness under qubit loss. Moreover, we observe significant violations of multiparticle Bell-type inequalities for genuine four-qubit nonlocality. On the prepared Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, we further uncover a noise-induced entanglement dynamics from distillable to bound and finally to separable, with bound entanglement unlocked via joint measurement. This work generates diverse entanglement resources alongside their complete characterization, establishing a foundation for entanglement-enabled quantum applications in silicon.

Identifiers

PMID42350391
PMCPMC13448218

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.