Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42350389›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2026

Expression patterns of risk genes associated with three evolutionarily relevant syndromes in rhesus macaque and human brains.

Kalyani B Karunakaran, Meera Purushottam, N Balakrishnan, Biju Viswanath, Ken-Ichi Amemori, Sanjeev Jain

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kalyani B KarunakaranCentre for Brain and Mind, and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India. kalyanithepebble@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-7750
Meera PurushottamCentre for Brain and Mind, and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-268X
N BalakrishnanSupercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Biju ViswanathCentre for Brain and Mind, and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India. bijuv1@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7317-1789
Ken-Ichi AmemoriInstitute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-6820
Sanjeev JainCentre for Brain and Mind, and Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Funding

DBT India Alliance (Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance) IA/CPHI/20/1/505266Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (DBT) BT/PR17316/MED/31/326/2015Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) JP24gm6910012Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) JP24wm0625210MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP22H04998MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP24H02163MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP25K02377
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depressive disorder (DD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and schizophrenia (SZ) are evolutionarily relevant traits that disrupt neural networks supporting affect and cognition. While genome-wide association studies have identified risk-related genes for these diseases, how the expression of these genes compare across species remains unclear. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal expression of ~2000 disease-associated genes in human and rhesus macaque brains. Distinct cross-species signatures emerged. DD-linked genes showed broad cortical-subcortical expression in humans but were confined to subcortical regions in macaques. The divergent subset was enriched for neuron differentiation, migration, synaptic signalling, and cognition. SZ-linked genes were expressed across cortical-subcortical-cerebellar structures in humans. AD-linked genes showed postnatal cortical-hippocampal macaque expression, and broader cortical-subcortical human expression. Cross-species spatial comparisons revealed a significant negative correlation for DD genes, suggesting a broader spatial distribution of DD-related gene expression in humans, extending to distributed emotion-cognition networks, compared to affective hubs in macaques. SZ genes exhibited a similar, though non-significant, negative trend, while AD genes showed a weak, non-significant correlation, indicating an absence of systematic expression shifts. Together, evolutionary shifts in gene expression may have shaped emotional and cognitive functions in humans, and susceptibility to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrainSchizophreniaAnimalsBiological EvolutionFemaleGene ExpressionGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMacaca mulattaMaleSpecies Specificity

Identifiers

PMID42350389
PMCPMC13554215

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