Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42350030›Full record

ArticleClinics in shoulder and elbow2026

Inverse relationship between the critical shoulder angle and rotator cuff insertional footprints: an anatomical study.

Sebastian Wegmann, Maximilian Weber, Tamara Babasiz, Jan Hockmann, Lars Peter Müller, Maximilian Lenz

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In one paragraph

Article in Clinics in shoulder and elbow, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sebastian WegmannDepartment of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Sebastian.wegmann@uk-koeln.de.
Maximilian WeberDepartment of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Tamara BabasizDepartment of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Jan HockmannDepartment of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Lars Peter MüllerDepartment of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Maximilian LenzDepartment of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDegenerative shoulder disorders impose a significant clinical and economic burden. The critical shoulder angle (CSA) has been established as a predictor of rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral osteoarthritis, but the anatomical basis underlying those relationships remains incompletely characterized. This study investigates whether the CSA correlates with the size of the rotator cuff muscle insertional footprints.

methodsAn anatomical study was performed on 28 shoulders from 14 formalin-fixed cadavers (mean age, 77.15 years; standard deviation, 9.94). Radiographs in the Grashey view were used to measure the CSA. The insertional footprints of the supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus (ISP), teres minor (TM), and subscapularis (SSC) were dissected and measured. A correlation analysis was conducted to assess relationships.

resultsA moderate inverse correlation was found between the CSA and the footprint size of all examined muscles: ISP (r=-0.52, P<0.01), TM (r=-0.60, P<0.001), SSP (r=-0.51, P<0.01), and SSC (r=-0.42, P<0.05). Large CSA values were associated with small insertional areas.

conclusionsThis study suggests that a large CSA is associated with significantly smaller-than-average insertional footprints. These findings provide an anatomical basis for biomechanical models that could help to refine risk assessment and preventive strategies for shoulder pathology. Level of evidence: Anatomical study.

Indexed as

BiomechanicsOsteoarthritisRotator cuffRotator cuff injuryShoulder joint

Identifiers

PMID42350030
PMCPMC13574836

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