ArticleGut and liver2026
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastric Cancer: A Large-Scale Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.
Article in Gut and liver, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Gastric Cancer Risk: Interpreting Population-Based Evidence.Gut and liver · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Aims: We aimed to elucidate whether proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users are at increased risk of gastric cancer compared with non-PPI users or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) users. Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the UK Biobank from 1990 to 2016. We compared the incidence of gastric cancer after a minimum of 1-year drug exposure between PPI users and non-PPI or H2RA users using Cox proportional hazards models. Secondary analyses assessed the duration and dose-response associations. Sensitivity analyses incorporating various matching ratios, extended lag periods, and propensity score stratification were performed. Results: After large-scale propensity score matching, we included 42,732 new PPI users, 42,732 non-PPI users, and 4,762 new H2RA users. During a median follow-up of 6.7 years, PPI users had a 2.32-fold higher risk of gastric cancer than non-PPI users (hazard ratio [HR], 2.324; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.646 to 3.282), with numbers needed to harm of 488 and 442 at 2 and 4 years, respectively. Compared with H2RA users, PPI users also had a significantly higher incidence of gastric cancer (HR, 5.343; 95% CI, 1.557 to 18.335). The risk of gastric cancer tended to increase with a longer cumulative duration of PPI use and higher cumulative doses of PPIs. Moreover, these results remained robust after adjustments for various lag periods, matching ratios, and propensity score stratification. Conclusions: PPI use was associated with a higher incidence of gastric cancer, albeit with a low absolute risk. Therefore, long-term PPI use should be considered cautiously, even in regions with a low risk of gastric cancer.
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Registered trials
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