Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42348861›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2026

Digital Media for Health Outcomes: Evaluation Study of a Massive Online Open Course.

Hannah Melchinger, Sarah Christie, Abigail Titus, Alyssa Cruz, Chelsey Lepage, Tony Foleno, Colleen Thompson-Kuhn, Adam Terefe Abebe, G Nekerwon Gweh, Donewell Bangure and 12 more

Abstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Hannah MelchingerPeter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-1871
Sarah ChristieYale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-2856
Abigail TitusPoorvu Center for Teaching and Learning, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4413-8569
Alyssa CruzYale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1243-5249
Chelsey LepageIrimi, Thiers, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0850-0822
Tony FolenoAd Council, New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7206-717X
Colleen Thompson-KuhnAd Council, New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0044-8523
Adam Terefe AbebeAfrica Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1983-6769
G Nekerwon GwehAfrica Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7660-0375
Donewell BangureAfrica Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9854
Stephen MainaPopulation Services International, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4997-2589
Judy MwangiPopulation Services International, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7466-2712
Peninah ThandePopulation Services International, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6529-2659
Maike WintersYale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-6506
Amyn A MalikPeter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-9916
Aleksandra KuzmanovicWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2484-6742
Surangani AbeyesekeraUnited Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-3784
Sara EppersonPoorvu Center for Teaching and Learning, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7260-5396
Whittney TomThe Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2093-9268
Kylie Holmes(Formerly: 2018-2023), Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4200-6126
Angus ThomsonIrimi, Thiers, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-0902
Saad B OmerPeter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-3474

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDigital media has emerged as a vital tool for the rapid dissemination of public health information to vast audiences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media-based health communication kept audiences informed, encouraged health-seeking behaviors, and helped address rampant misinformation. However, the impact of these digital communications was limited by a lack of training in leveraging online advertising tools, behavioral insights, and marketing practices to target, test, and scale social behavioral communications for health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted an urgent need for greater capacity among public health organizations to rapidly develop and deploy impactful, evidence-based digital campaigns.

objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate changes in learner confidence and perceived ability to implement key skills after taking a massive online open course on digital campaign creation.

methodsDigital Media for Health Outcomes was launched in May 2023 to train public health practitioners in all steps of campaign development, from evidence and insights collection to outcome evaluation. In April 2025, course performance was evaluated using a pre-post survey design. Learners were asked to complete identical surveys before and after completing the course. Question topics included basic demographic information and learners' confidence and experience in applying key campaign development skills. Learners were also asked to rate their confidence in using digital media to drive health outcomes before and after taking the course, and their perceived importance, ease, likelihood, and effectiveness of doing so. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for confidence questions, and proportion changes were compared between the baseline and endline surveys. All analyses were conducted using Stata (Special Edition 18; StataCorp).

resultsAs of April 2025, the course had enrolled 14,170 individuals in 9 language versions, representing over 160 unique countries from all global regions. A total of 4392 learners completed the baseline survey, and 634 completed the course and endline survey. Most course completers came from Chile (240/634, 38%) and the United States (69/634, 11%). Learners who completed the course reported significantly higher confidence (+18%, 95% CI 17%-20%) in their perceived ability to use digital media to drive health outcomes and in applying skills associated with effective campaign development, including leveraging behavioral insights (+16%, 95% CI 14%-18%) and evaluating campaign outcomes (+28%, 95% CI 26%-29%). Overall, 92% (583/634) of course completers felt that the course had met most, all, or exceeded their expectations, and 85% (539/634) indicated that they would recommend the course to a colleague.

conclusionsPerformance evaluation of the Digital Media for Health Outcomes course suggests the potential of an expert-led, practice-based massive open online course to improve confidence and skill level in leveraging digital media for effective health communication among public health professionals. Further capacity strengthening is needed to encourage skill application.

Indexed as

COVID-19Education, DistanceSocial MediaDigital MediaHealth PromotionHumansMedia ExposurePandemicsPublic HealthSARS-CoV-2Surveys and Questionnairesdigital healthhealth campaignmassive online open courseMOOCsonline coursepublic health campaignsocial media

Identifiers

PMID42348861
PMCPMC13351640

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.