ArticleCell biochemistry and biophysics2026
Adsorption-driven Graphene Oxide SPR Biointerfaces: Coupled Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Optical Modeling with Effective-layer Validation.
Article in Cell biochemistry and biophysics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This work presents a theoretical modeling framework for adsorption-driven graphene oxide (GO)-functionalized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biointerfaces. Rather than describing a specific capture-probe biosensor, the model focuses on the effective optical transduction of molecular accumulation at a GO-modified interface. The framework couples transfer-matrix optical modeling of a prism/TiW/Au/GO multilayer structure with a generalized Langmuir-Hill adsorption formalism, allowing analyte concentration, surface coverage, effective interfacial refractive index, and plasmonic resonance shift to be linked within a unified description. The optical response is evaluated at 633 nm under angular interrogation. Adsorption is represented through effective surface coverage, an optically equivalent biolayer thickness, and a concentration-dependent refractive-index perturbation. Temperature dependence is incorporated using a van't Hoff-type treatment for enthalpy-driven adsorption, while time-dependent behavior is described using first-order association-dissociation kinetics as an ideal reversible limiting case. Three representative adsorption regimes are considered, corresponding to weak, moderate, and cooperative surface accumulation, with equivalent dissociation constants ranging from approximately 1.67 to 200 μM. A formal optical optimization identifies Au, TiW, and GO effective thicknesses of 49 nm, 0.20 nm, and 0.20 nm, respectively, producing a deep SPR minimum and a narrow angular linewidth. Because the TiW and GO optima occur at the lower boundary of the optical-thickness scan, they are interpreted as effective interfacial parameters rather than literal physical monolayer thicknesses. Additional simulations using physically realistic GO thicknesses of 0.7-1.5 nm show that the adsorption-driven response is preserved, with low-concentration sensitivities remaining close to 0.037-0.038 deg μM
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