Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42347056›Full record

ArticlePharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Self-Perception of High School Preparation and Readiness for Pharmacy Education.

Shantanu Rao, Kimberly A Pesaturo, Jennifer Grundey, Timothy Burkart, Devyn Warnement

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shantanu RaoCollege of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1469-4309
Kimberly A PesaturoCollege of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4112-2621
Jennifer GrundeyCollege of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH 45810, USA.
Timothy BurkartCollege of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA.
Devyn WarnementCollege of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe rigor of the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) curricula is reflected in its math- and science-heavy prerequisite requirements. As such, it is critical to evaluate whether students perceive high school coursework and experiences as adequate preparation for PharmD programs.

methodsPre-professional and professional PharmD students from three institutions completed a survey assessing satisfaction with high school preparation, including math and science education, skill development, and exposure to pharmacy-related experiences.

resultsA total of 148 responses were analyzed; 72% identified as female and 81% as White (non-Hispanic/Latino). Most respondents reported satisfaction with their high school math (80.4%) and science (82.4%) education, and 73.7% felt academically prepared for pharmacy school. Additionally, 79.8% were satisfied with skills gained in high school. Experiences such as attending pharmacy-related events (81.1%), contact with healthcare professionals (87.8%), and prior employment (85.2%) were widely viewed as beneficial. Students highlighted communication, problem-solving, and time management as key skills developed. However, gaps were noted in study strategies, presentation abilities, and time management.

conclusionsStudents generally felt well-prepared academically and skill-wise for PharmD programs. Expanding pharmacy-related exposure and targeted skill development opportunities in high school may further enhance readiness for future pharmacy students.

Indexed as

high school preparationpharmacy educationskill developmentSTEM readinessstudent preparedness

Identifiers

PMID42347056
PMCPMC13307450

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.