ArticleMembranes2026
Full-Scale Microfiltration for Drinking Water: A Long-Term Performance Analysis.
Article in Membranes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microfiltration membranes are widely used in drinking water treatment due to their high efficiency. However, long-term operation of polymeric membranes may lead to deterioration of hydraulic properties as a result of fouling and material aging. This study aims to determine the impact of long-term aging on hydraulic permeability and separation properties, and to determine the lifespan of microfiltration polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The practical and industrial novelty of this study lies in providing an authentic, 11-year operational baseline for a full-scale microfiltration system treating highly variable surface water. The study evaluates membranes installed in a full-scale plant in Jarosław (Poland), treating surface water from the San River. The system includes 120 PVDF capillary modules (0.1 μm). After 11 years, the membranes maintained very high separation efficiency, ensuring almost complete removal of turbidity and microorganisms. However, membrane resistance increased nearly threefold, while permeability decreased by about 86%. Maintaining capacity required a gradual increase in transmembrane pressure. The permeability loss exceeded the commonly accepted replacement threshold of 70%, suggesting that membrane replacement after more than a decade of operation is technically and economically justified.
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Registered trials
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