ReviewMembranes2026
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Research Advances from Biogenesis Mechanisms to Engineered Applications.
Review in Membranes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms of Immune Modulation and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical structures made up of a double layer, they are each nanostructured (20-300 nm), and they are released from all populations of Gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this review is to synthesize a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge about OMV biogenesis, function in biology, and application to biomedical engineering. Using these three known biogenesis mechanisms as a basis for this review, we discuss the mechanisms of OMV biogenesis that have been described as conserved: (1) disruption of outer membrane-peptidoglycan links. (2) periplasmic stress-driven adaptive release is associated with bilayer lipid asymmetry and the use of signaling molecules. OMVs are considered to be "public goods" for the microbe, allowing for nutrient acquisition, resistance to antibiotics, and the potential for horizontal gene transfer between microbes. OMVs exhibit a different duality at the interface of the pathogen host, where the pathogenic OMV is the delivery vehicle for virulence factors and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) leading to host immune response, while the symbiotic OMV (e.g., those produced by
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.