Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42346948›Full record

ArticleMembranes2026

A Time-Resolved In Situ SAXS Method for Real-Time Monitoring of Lipid Nanoparticles Assembly.

Ke-Meng Li, Panqi Song, Xiao-Peng He, Na Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Membranes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ke-Meng LiKey Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
Panqi SongNational Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
Xiao-Peng HeKey Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
Na LiNational Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8476-511X

Funding

Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China JYB2025XDXM404Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 222201717003International Cooperation Program of Shanghai Science and Technology 23490711600National Natural Science Foundation of China 22477030National Natural Science Foundation of China 82130099National Natural Science Foundation of China U2230115National Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology 24ZR1415400Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 21ZR1471600Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology KF 2402Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities B16017Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 24DX1400200Science and Technology Innovation Programme of Shanghai 22DZ2203000Shanghai Oriental Talents youth Program QNKJ2024010Shanghai Xuhui District Hospital Local Cooperation Project 23XHYD-20State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University SKLDR-2025-KF-09
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as popular nucleic acid delivery systems, yet the dynamic mechanisms related to their self-assembly and structural maturation remain insufficiently understood due to the limitations of traditional offline characterization tools. This study establishes a time-resolved (TR) in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methodology to monitor the structural evolution of LNPs during microfluidic formulation and subsequent maturation. By integrating a dual-channel microfluidic mixing system with a SAXS measurement platform, we successfully captured the real-time scattering profiles of both empty and messenger RNA-loaded nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs). The results demonstrate distinct assembly pathways for empty-LNPs and those encapsulated with mRNA. The empty-LNPs undergo a gradual transition toward periodic nanostructures, whereas mRNA-LNPs exhibit rapid complexation into stable subunits followed by hierarchical assembly. Furthermore, the platform effectively tracked nanoscale structural rearrangements during a microfluidic dilution process, revealed by subtle shifts in scattering peaks and internal periodicity. Overall, this time-resolved approach provides a robust experimental framework for capturing transient intermediate states, offering a valuable tool to elucidate molecular assembly mechanisms and facilitate the rational design of next-generation nanomedicines.

Indexed as

lipid nanoparticlesnanostructureself-assemblytime-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering

Identifiers

PMID42346948
PMCPMC13304025

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.