ReviewJournal of xenobiotics2026
Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater: A Systematic PRISMA-Guided Review on Risk, Genetic Transfer, and the Effectiveness of the Photo-Fenton Process for Their Removal.
María Del Rocío Duarte-Martínez, Aldo Amaro-Reyes, Juan Campos-Guillen, Miguel Angel Ramos-López, Eloy Rodríguez-de León, Monserrat Escamilla-García, Vanessa Vallejo-Becerra, Alejandra Álvarez-López, Yesenia Mendoza-Burguete, Mónica López Velarde-Santos and 4 more
Abstract readReview
In one paragraphReview in Journal of xenobiotics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
14 authors.
María Del Rocío Duarte-MartínezCentro de Investigación en Materiales Semiconductores, Sustentabilidad y Energía Renovable (CIMSSER), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.
Aldo Amaro-ReyesCentro de Investigación en Materiales Semiconductores, Sustentabilidad y Energía Renovable (CIMSSER), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-6520-5742 Juan Campos-GuillenCentro de Investigación en Materiales Semiconductores, Sustentabilidad y Energía Renovable (CIMSSER), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-7117-6781 Miguel Angel Ramos-LópezCentro de Investigación en Materiales Semiconductores, Sustentabilidad y Energía Renovable (CIMSSER), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-7105-5039 Eloy Rodríguez-de LeónFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-4194-4644 Monserrat Escamilla-GarcíaFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.
Vanessa Vallejo-BecerraDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.
Alejandra Álvarez-LópezDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.
Yesenia Mendoza-BurgueteDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-4097-833X Mónica López Velarde-SantosDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0009-0004-1236-3172 Héctor PoolDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6742-3839 Luisa Ramírez-GranadosDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-9814-662X Ricardo Chaparro-SánchezFacultad de Informatica, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6842-2360 José Alberto Rodríguez-MoralesDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-4532-9665 Funding
Autonomous University of Queretaro SIIP-2026Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI) 2047714
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a growing global threat, facilitated by the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This systematic review, conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, compiles the risks associated with ARGs, as well as the factors that promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and the technologies applied for their removal. The literature shows that WWTPs act as reservoirs, where biological treatment conditions and the presence of sub-inhibitory contaminants (antibiotics, metals, and pharmaceuticals) accelerate HGT. Although conventional methods (chlorination, ozonation, UV) are effective at eliminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), their ability to degrade persistent genetic material is insufficient. Therefore, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) emerge as a key solution, with the photo-Fenton process standing out due to efficiently generating hydroxyl radicals, achieving the degradation of ARGs, an essential step to mitigate the spread of AMR into the environment.
Indexed as
advanced oxidation processesantimicrobial resistancehorizontal gene transferwastewater
Identifiers
PMID42346416
PMCPMC13302757
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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