Integrin-Linked Kinase Plays an Active Role in the Regulation of Endothelial Senescence.

Endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in physiological processes, including regulating blood fluidity, angiogenesis, and regulating the immune response. Integrins, which participate in sensing external stimuli and signal transduction, are crucial for the proper functioning of ECs. Like other cells, ECs undergo senescence, which is associated with their dysfunction and contributes to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. However, the role of integrin-dependent pathways in endothelial senescence is poorly understood. Here, we identify integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as a crucial factor modulating endothelial function and senescence. Using two complementary models, replicative and stress-induced premature senescence, in endothelial cells of different origins, we show that the senescent endothelium shows phenotypic and functional dysfunction. Furthermore, we revealed that these modulations correlated with ILK downregulation. Functionally, ILK depletion in young ECs was sufficient to trigger a senescence-associated phenotype and manifested key features of endothelial dysfunction. In line with this, ILK restoration in senescent cells reduced selected senescence markers and improved endothelial function. Together, these findings show that ILK is not only correlated with endothelial ageing but also works as an active regulator of senescence-linked endothelial dysfunction. Thus, ILK, as a link between adhesion-dependent signalling and endothelial ageing, is a potential target for limiting age-associated vascular decline.