Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42345887›Full record

ArticleBiosensors2026

A Standardized Prism-Based TIRF Platform for Quantitative Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Biomolecular Dynamics.

Arijit Patra, Lunden Melton, Lenwood S Sawyer, Tate King, Sujay Ray

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Arijit PatraDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
Lunden MeltonDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
Lenwood S SawyerDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-3752-2318
Tate KingDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
Sujay RayDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1076-0436

Funding

University of Mississippi Startup
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) enables direct measurement of nanoscale conformational dynamics and heterogeneity in biomolecules, but quantitative interpretation of smFRET data critically depends on well-controlled excitation geometry, low background fluorescence, robust calibration, and reproducible data-analysis workflows. Prism-based total internal reflection fluorescence (pTIRF) microscopy provides important advantages for such measurements by physically separating excitation and emission paths and generating a highly confined evanescent field, yet practical guidance for implementing reproducible, quantitative pTIRF systems remains fragmented. Here we present a comprehensive, standardized framework for the design, alignment, calibration, validation, and operation of a prism-based TIRF microscope optimized for single-molecule fluorescence measurements. We describe the complete optical architecture for dual-color excitation and detection, establish alignment invariants that ensure reproducible evanescent excitation and stable donor-acceptor channel registration, and detail surface preparation, flow control, and photostabilization strategies required for reliable long-term imaging. Quantitative benchmarking protocols are introduced to evaluate signal-to-noise ratio, photobleaching kinetics, and spectral crosstalk, providing objective criteria for defining optimal operating conditions and instrument performance limits. Finally, we integrate these experimental procedures with an end-to-end single-molecule data-analysis workflow encompassing channel registration, automated and manual trajectory selection, FRET calculation, and kinetic analysis using hidden Markov modeling. The utility of the platform is demonstrated through smFRET measurements of conformational dynamics in a model nucleic acid system. Together, this work provides a reproducible and accessible methodology for implementing prism-based TIRF microscopy as a robust quantitative platform for single-molecule fluorescence studies across a wide range of biomolecular systems.

Indexed as

Fluorescence Resonance Energy TransferSingle Molecule ImagingCalibrationFluorescenceMicroscopy, FluorescenceSignal-To-Noise Ratiodonor leakageevanescent waveflow-cell preparationmicroscope constructionoptical alignmentphotobleaching statisticsprism-based TIRF (pTIR)prism-type total internal reflection fluorescence microscopyquantitative performance benchmarkssignal-to-noise ratiosingle-molecule data analysissingle-molecule fluorescencesmFRETsurface immobilization

Identifiers

PMID42345887
PMCPMC13296891

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.