Drosophila Optimization Algorithm Based on Chaotic Development Mechanism and Orthogonal Learning Strategy for Reservoir Optimization.

Enhancing oil and gas production performance is essential for maintaining the economic sustainability of petroleum enterprises and meeting the increasing global energy requirements. In this context, subsurface production optimization constitutes a fundamental component of strategic reservoir management, directly affecting critical decisions such as well location design and the regulation of operational parameters. Nevertheless, conventional reservoir optimization approaches are frequently constrained by high computational costs and limited optimization effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, evolutionary algorithms have gained considerable attention for addressing complex optimization tasks, owing to their gradient-free nature and strong capability for parallel exploration. This paper proposes a chaotic exploitation orthogonal learning fruit fly optimization algorithm (COFOA) tailored for global optimization and oil and gas production optimization. Specifically, we integrate a chaotic exploitation mechanism and an orthogonal learning strategy to improve the balance between exploration and exploitation. Following the population update in FOA, the chaotic exploitation mechanism is first applied to help the population escape local optima and enhance search efficiency. Subsequently, the orthogonal learning strategy is employed to strengthen the algorithm's exploitation capability. To evaluate the performance of the improved FOA, extensive experiments were conducted on benchmark functions from IEEE CEC 2017 and IEEE CEC 2022, including ablation studies, scalability tests and comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed FOA significantly outperforms competing algorithms in optimizing reservoir production. COFOA demonstrates consistent performance superiority over all compared algorithms in terms of mean NPV. Specifically, it achieves improvements of approximately 2.35% to 16.23% compared with existing methods. Notably, COFOA outperforms strong competitors such as mSCA and BLPSO by 2.35% and 3.81%, respectively, while achieving more significant gains over algorithms such as SCADE (15.31%) and CCMSCSA (16.23%). Even when compared with relatively competitive methods like HGWO and CCMWOA, COFOA still maintains performance improvements of 4.79% and 6.12%, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate the superior optimization capability of COFOA in terms of maximizing NPV under complex reservoir conditions.