Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42345034›Full record

ArticlePlastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.)2026

Professional Instagram Use by Ontario Plastic Surgeons: Content Patterns and Engagement by Practice Setting.

Alice Wang, Patrick J Kim, Tracy Xiong, Helene Retrouvey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alice WangDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7008-9385
Patrick J KimDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-8487
Tracy XiongDepartment of Accounting and Finance, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Helene RetrouveyDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Although social media is widely used in plastic surgery, differences in content and posting patterns across practice settings are poorly understood. This study characterized Ontario plastic surgeons Instagram posting patterns and audience engagement by practice setting. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study analysed publicly accessible professional Instagram profiles of registered academic, community, or mixed practice plastic surgeons in Ontario. Up to 30 posts (posted on or after January 1, 2020) per account were coded by content type and clinical domain. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and analysis of variance tests were used to evaluate the association between surgeon characteristics, posting patterns, and engagement rates. Results: Eighty-six of 261 (33%) plastic surgeons had professional Instagram profiles, yielding 2032 posts. Pre-/post-procedure results (32%) and facial aesthetics (20%) were the most represented content type and domain, respectively. Academic surgeons posted significantly more announcements, research, and reconstructive content ( Conclusions: Instagram use among plastic surgeons varies substantially by practice setting. Cosmetic content dominates posting volume, whereas reconstructive and academic content, despite higher observed engagement, remains under-represented. These findings identify content-practice mismatches that warrant further qualitative, longitudinal, and interventional study before practice recommendations can be made.

Indexed as

Engagement rateInstagramonline contentplastic surgeonsposting patternspractice settingsocial media

Identifiers

PMID42345034
PMCPMC13286955

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.