ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Changes in ambient environmental conditions correspond to variations in
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Air pollution is associated with impaired oocyte and embryo development, but the modifying effects of large-scale societal disruptions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether Methods: We retrospectively analyzed oocyte retrieval cycles performed at a single tertiary infertility center in Seoul, South Korea (2018-2024). Complete-case analyses included 1, 871 cycles for mature oocyte rate, 1, 234 cycles for fertilization rate, and 662 cycles for clinical pregnancy. Environmental exposures (PM Results: The mature oocyte rate was significantly lower in the during-COVID (β = -0.32, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.19, p < 0.001) and post-COVID (β = -0.45, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.31, p < 0.001) groups than in the pre-COVID reference. The fertilization rate was higher in the post-COVID group than in the pre-COVID group in the regression model (β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.42, p = 0.030), whereas the during-COVID comparison was not significant (p = 0.637). Pregnancy rate did not differ significantly across the three periods (Wald χ² = 2.12, p = 0.346). Long-term (365-day) exposures exhibited significant Env × COVID interactions on the Likelihood Ratio Test for mature oocyte rate (O Conclusions: IVF outcomes varied across COVID-19 pandemic periods, and long-term ambient environmental exposures modified these effects, particularly for oocyte maturation. Recent and long-term environmental exposures should be considered when evaluating IVF success.
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