ArticleNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University2026
[Lactate induces gastric mucosal injury by promoting M1 polarization of macrophages
Article in Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the role of lactate in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR)-induced gastric mucosal injury.
methodsThirty C57BL/6J mice were randomized into sham-operated group, MIR (45 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion) group, and MIR+LDHAI group, and gastric mucosal injury was assessed using macroscopic scoring and HE staining; serum lactate and cTnT levels were measured using ELISA. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to identify the differential serum metabolites between the sham-operated and MIR mice. In the cell experiment, human gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) were indirectly co-cultured with THP-1 cell-derived macrophages polarized to the M1 phenotype by lactate and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In both the gastric mucosa tissues of the mice and the co-cultured GES-1 cells, the protein expression levels of CD68, iNOS, Arg-1, COX-1, and COX-2 were detected using Western blotting and immunofluo-rescence staining.
resultsCompared to sham operation, MIR induced concurrent injury in both the heart and stomach of the mice and caused elevation of iNOS protein levels and reduction of Arg-1 protein expression in the gastric mucosa, where increased overlapping fluorescent areas were detected after MIR using fluorescent double-labeling for CD68 and iNOS. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed a significant increase in circulating lactate levels after MIR. In GES-1 cells, indirect co-culture with M1 macrophages induced obvious cell injury, decreased COX-1 expression, and increased cellular COX-2 protein expression. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining confirmed that 15 mmol/L lactate significantly increased iNOS and decreased Arg-1 expression in THP-1-derived macrophages. Indirect co-culture of GES-1 cells with M1 macrophages induced by lactate or LPS resulted in obvious GES-1 cell injury. In the mouse models of MIR, inhibition of lactic acid production effectively alleviated MIR-induced gastric mucosal injury.
conclusionsLactate-induced M1 macrophage polarization mediates MIR-related gastric mucosal injury in mice via the heart-gastric axis, an effect reversible by LDHA inhibition.
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