Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42343620›Full record

ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2026

HA thermostability mutations S84F, G167N, and D168N potentiate H9N2 virus transmission in a warming environment.

Xinyi Pei, Wei Chen, Hanyan Xiao, Bin Ren, Chaoxuan Guo, Xinyu Gao, Zhoushuang Peng, Lingkai Zhang, Qingshuai Sun, Zhibin Hu and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xinyi PeiNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Wei ChenNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Hanyan XiaoNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Bin RenNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Chaoxuan GuoNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Xinyu GaoNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Zhoushuang PengNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Lingkai ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Qingshuai SunNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Zhibin HuHubei Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Hongbo ZhouNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Shujie MaKey Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xuyong LiCollege of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0003-4349-3960
Wen SuNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-2291-6349

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses are widespread in poultry and occasionally infect mammals, contributing genes to other emerging strains. The factors that allow these viruses to withstand higher temperatures are not well understood. In this study, we used high-temperature selection and deep mutational scanning of a saturated H9N2 hemagglutinin (HA) mutant library. We identified three HA mutations, S84F, G167N, and D168N, that increase viral thermostability. Viruses with these mutations survived better at elevated temperatures. In transmission experiments with chickens, the S84F mutation allowed waterborne spread at a temperature that blocked transmission of the wild-type virus. The combination of all three mutations was associated with evidence of airborne transmission in one of two experimental replicates. These results link HA thermostability to environmental persistence and transmission potential under thermal stress, which may affect the ecology of H9N2 viruses.

Indexed as

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsPoultry DiseasesAnimalsChickensHot TemperatureMutationProtein StabilityTemperatureHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusAvian influenza virusenvironment temperatureHAthermostabilitytransmission

Identifiers

PMID42343620
PMCPMC13347855

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.