ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Genome-wide association study combined with multi-assay phenotyping identifies a novel anthracnose resistance locus in apple.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundApple anthracnose, a disease complex that includes Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum species, is a major disease affecting apple production worldwide. In this study, we combined multi-year field evaluations with controlled inoculation assays to identify genomic regions associated with anthracnose resistance in apple.
resultsA total of 440 apple genotypes, including 411 F₁ progenies derived from six parental crosses and 29 cultivars, were evaluated under natural orchard conditions and through artificial fruit and leaf inoculation assays using wound and non-wound methods. Disease severity varied substantially between years, particularly under contrasting environmental conditions, indicating strong genotype-by-environment interactions. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) using field-derived disease severity scores from 2019 identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 (~ 31.8 Mb) associated with reduced anthracnose severity. This locus was distinct from the previously reported Rgls/MdTNL1 region on chromosome 15 (~ 2-5 Mb), suggesting the presence of a novel resistance-associated locus. In contrast, no genome-wide significant associations were detected from artificial inoculation datasets.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate the importance of field-based, multi-environment phenotyping for detecting field-relevant resistance loci and improving understanding of the genetic architecture underlying anthracnose resistance in apple.
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